Glossary

Every term used across the Concepts section — one line each, with a deep link to the page that owns it.

This page indexes the vocabulary the Concepts pages use. Each entry is a one-line definition with a link to the concept page where the term is treated in detail. For exact field-level details of catalog data — column types, identifiers, formats — see the Catalog Glossary data dictionary.

5 A B C D E F G H I L M N O P R S T U V W

5

50% Rule: OFAC's rule blocking any entity owned 50%+ by sanctioned parties, even if unnamed. Ownership-Based Exposure

A

Ad valorem rate: A duty expressed as a percentage of the imported good's customs value. Duties & Tariffs
Agent: A configurable assistant that carries out a portion of your workflow under an SOP and a set of permissions. How Altana Infers
Agent permissions: The tools, data, and actions an agent is allowed to use. How Altana Infers
Altana product network: Altana's lowercase category descriptor: the network connecting businesses, suppliers, LSPs, and governments. The Altana Product Network
Antidumping duty (ADD): A tariff on imports sold below normal home-market value that injure a domestic industry. Duties & Tariffs
Audit log: The record of every change in Altana, attributed to the user or agent that made it. How Altana Infers

B

Beneficial ownership: The people or entities that ultimately benefit from or control a company. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Bill of lading (BoL): The carrier-issued document for a cargo shipment, naming parties, ports, mode, and goods. Shipments & Trade Documents
Bill of materials (BOM): The components, sub-assemblies, and raw materials that go into a finished product. Products & the Catalog
Broad sanctions: Risk lists that block dealings with named parties under general sanctions programs (e.g., OFAC SDN). Exposure Lists

C

Canonical company: The brand-level corporate identity in Altana — the resolved representation of a business, not a single legal entity. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Carrier: The logistics company physically moving the goods. Issues the bill of lading. Shipments & Trade Documents
Catalog: Your system of record on Altana for the products you trade and the suppliers, facilities, and relationships behind them. Products & the Catalog
Certification of origin: The document an importer relies on to claim preferential FTA treatment. Free Trade Agreements
Classification status: The state of a product's classifications in the catalog — suggested, accepted, or pending review. Products & the Catalog
Component truth: What products are truly made of across multi-tier supply chains, even with messy underlying data. How Altana Infers
Confidence indicator: A measure of how much weight to put on an inferred value, shown with a plain-language explanation. How Altana Infers
Country of origin: The country where a good was wholly obtained or last substantially transformed. Country of Origin
Country of registration: The jurisdiction where a legal entity is formally incorporated or filed. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Countervailing duty (CVD): A duty offsetting foreign subsidies that injure a domestic industry. Duties & Tariffs
Custom exposure: An exposure type you define yourself, attached to entities via the overlay mechanism. Custom Exposures & Integrations
Custom field: An attribute you define to extend a catalog entity beyond the standard schema. Products & the Catalog
Customs records: Declarations filed with a national customs authority when goods cross a border. Shipments & Trade Documents

D

De minimis (FTA): A rule that lets a small percentage of non-originating materials be ignored under FTA rules. Free Trade Agreements
Direct ownership: A recorded equity stake one company holds directly in another. Traced up to nine tiers. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Direct vs. indirect risk: Direct: the supplier itself is flagged. Indirect: connected through ownership or upstream supply. Ownership-Based Exposure
Domestic Ultimate Owner (DUO): The corporate entity at the top of a company's ownership chain within its country of registration. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Duty: A tax collected by a customs authority on imported (sometimes exported) goods. Duties & Tariffs

E

Edge: A relationship between two nodes in the supply chain graph. The Supply Chain Graph
Event risk: Time-stamped news/incident attributes tied to specific entities (investigations, labor incidents, etc.). Risk Overlays
Exposed supplier: A supplier in your value chain that resolves to at least one open exposure. Exposure Terminology
Exposure: An evidence-backed connection between something in your supply chain and a flagged entity, place, or restriction. Exposure Terminology
Exposure category: The grouping that organizes lists by restriction type (broad sanctions, financial sanctions, forced labor, etc.). Exposure Lists
Exposure status workflow: Lifecycle states per exposure: Unassessed → In review → Of concern → Cleared. Exposure Lists
Export controls: Restrictions on exporting controlled goods, software, or tech to specified end users (BIS Entity List, Military End User List). Exposure Lists
Extended value chain: The full multi-tier view of a product's network, including upstream suppliers beyond the direct relationship. Value Chains

F

Facility: A physical place where a company operates — plant, warehouse, port terminal. A first-class node in the graph. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Federated learning: Customer data stays in a dedicated spoke; only aggregated learnings flow to the central network. The Supply Chain Graph
Financial sanctions: Sanctions restricting specific financial activities (capital raising, investment) rather than blocking all dealings. Exposure Lists
Forced labor: Exposure to laws and watchlists targeting goods made with forced labor (UFLPA, WROs). Exposure Lists
Foreign Entity of Concern (FEOC): An IRA 45X status disqualifying credits when a supplier is owned/controlled by a designated entity. Ownership-Based Exposure
Free trade agreement (FTA): A treaty lowering or eliminating duties on goods meeting the agreement's rules of origin. Free Trade Agreements

G

General Rules of Interpretation (GRI): The six numbered rules that govern assignment to an HS heading and subheading. HS Classification
Geofence: A geographic boundary that flags an address resolving inside it. The UFLPA Xinjiang geofence is canonical. Risk Overlays
Global Ultimate Owner (GUO): The corporate entity at the top of a company's worldwide ownership chain. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Goods description: The free-text field on a shipment record describing what was shipped. Quality varies. Shipments & Trade Documents

H

HS classification: The process of selecting the correct HS or HTS code for a product. HS Classification
HS code: An international product-classification number maintained by the WCO. First six digits common globally. HS Classification
HTS (HTS10): The U.S. country-specific extension of an HS code, typically ten digits. HS Classification

I

IEEPA tariffs: U.S. tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act during declared national emergencies. Duties & Tariffs
Indirect ownership: Aggregate ownership when intermediate links aren't fully enumerated in source data. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Inferred (vs. observed): Values Altana derives by linking, enriching, and reasoning across the network. Distinct from observed source values. How Altana Infers
Issuing authority: The body, regulator, or sanctions program that publishes a risk list (OFAC, BIS, EU, etc.). Exposure Lists

L

Legal entity: A single corporate registration — subsidiary, franchise, or country-specific filing. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Lens: A configurable view of catalog data — charts, filters, columns, and highlights for a specific workflow. Products & the Catalog

M

MFN (Most Favored Nation): WTO baseline tariff treatment extended to all members absent a preferential program. Duties & Tariffs
Mode of transport: How goods moved — ocean, air, rail, road, or parcel. Shipments & Trade Documents
Multi-tier value chain: Value chain extending beyond direct (tier 1) suppliers to sub-tier producers. Value Chains

N

Network effects: The graph becomes more valuable to every participant as more of the network joins. The Supply Chain Graph
Node: A distinct entity in the graph — canonical company, facility, address, product, etc. The Supply Chain Graph
Non-preferential rules of origin: Default origin rules for general trade purposes (MFN, AD/CVD, sanctions, quotas). Country of Origin

O

Observed (vs. derived): Fields appearing directly on a source record (BoL, customs entry). Marked distinctly from derived values. Shipments & Trade Documents
OFAC 50% Rule: Blocks any entity owned 50%+, directly or indirectly, individually or in aggregate, by sanctioned parties. Ownership-Based Exposure
Organizational clustering: Grouping related legal entities and trading names into a single canonical company. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Overlay: An extensible set of attributes layered on top of the graph and catalog, attaching to entities without changing them. Exposure Terminology
Ownership threshold: The percentage at which an ownership relationship becomes material (e.g., 25%, 50%). Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Ownership tier: One hop in a company's parent-of-parent chain. Distinct from supply-chain tier. Altana traces up to nine. Companies, Facilities & Ownership

P

Parent / subsidiary: A directed ownership relationship; the parent holds an equity stake in the subsidiary. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Port of lading vs. port of unlading: Loading port vs. discharge port. Usually expressed as UN/LOCODE values. Shipments & Trade Documents
Preferential rules of origin: Origin rules written into a specific FTA, defining qualification for its preferential duty rate. Country of Origin
Product: A good you make, source, or trade. In the catalog it carries identity, classification attrs, and network links. Products & the Catalog
Product Passports: A shareable digital record of a product's origin story. The mechanism for verifying value-chain information across the network. Value Chains

R

Regional value content (RVC): An FTA test measuring the percentage of a product's value originating inside the agreement region. Free Trade Agreements

S

Section 232: U.S. statute letting the President impose tariffs on imports judged to threaten national security. Duties & Tariffs
Section 301: U.S. statute giving the USTR authority to impose tariffs in response to unfair foreign trade practices. Duties & Tariffs
Sender / receiver: The two named parties on a shipment record; often a logistics provider rather than the economic actor. Shipments & Trade Documents
Shared understanding: The accurate, shared view of global trade the graph produces — foundation for tariffs, origin, enforcement, resilience. The Supply Chain Graph
Shipment: One observed movement of goods from a sender to a receiver. Shipments & Trade Documents
Specific (per unit) rate: A duty expressed as a fixed amount per physical unit. Duties & Tariffs
Spoke: A customer's dedicated environment within Altana. Sensitive data lives in the spoke. The Supply Chain Graph
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP): Configurable instructions telling an agent how to do its job. How Altana Infers
State-owned entity (SOE): A company owned or controlled by a government. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Sub-tier supplier discovery: Identifying the suppliers behind your direct suppliers — tier 2, tier 3, and deeper. Value Chains
Substantial transformation: Rule conferring origin where the last significant manufacturing step changed form, character, or use. Country of Origin
Suggestion-by-default: Agents propose actions for your review rather than taking them; direct action is opt-in. How Altana Infers
Supply chain graph: Altana's continuously updated map of global trade — products, companies, relationships. The Supply Chain Graph

T

Tariff: The duty rate or schedule of duty rates a country applies to imported goods. Duties & Tariffs
Tariff exclusion: Time-bound carve-out removing a specific HS code or country from an additional-duty program. Duties & Tariffs
Tariff rate quota (TRQ): Lower duty for a defined import volume; higher duty beyond it. Duties & Tariffs
Tariff shift: Rule-of-origin test asking whether non-originating inputs fall under a different HS classification than the finished product. Free Trade Agreements
Tariff stacking: Cumulative application of multiple tariff programs to a single import. Duties & Tariffs
Tier (concept): A position in a value chain relative to a chosen perspective. Not a stored attribute of a company. Value Chains
Tier 1 supplier: A company that ships goods or components directly to an importer or buyer. Value Chains
Tier 2 / 3 / n supplier: Suppliers further upstream — component makers, sub-component suppliers, raw-material producers. Value Chains
Trade documents: Structured records moving with cross-border shipments (BoL, commercial invoice, COO certificate, customs entry). Shipments & Trade Documents
Transaction: A single import or export event between sender and receiver. The atomic edge in the trade network. Shipments & Trade Documents
Transparency and user control: Inputs, reasoning, and outputs exposed; the user controls every decision the system makes for them. How Altana Infers
Transshipment: Routing goods through an intermediate country. A compliance concern when origin is misrepresented. HS Classification
Trusted trade network: Altana's category: a shared network connecting businesses, suppliers, LSPs, and governments. The Altana Product Network

U

UFLPA: The U.S. Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act presuming goods from the Xinjiang region are made with forced labor. Exposure Lists
UFLPA geofence: Geographic boundary around the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; addresses inside it are flagged UFLPA-exposed. Risk Overlays
Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO): The natural person who ultimately owns or controls a legal entity. Companies, Facilities & Ownership
Upstream / downstream: Earlier (suppliers, components) vs. later (distributors, end customers) in the value chain. Value Chains
USMCA: The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement replacing NAFTA on July 1, 2020. Free Trade Agreements

V

Value chain: The end-to-end network of suppliers, manufacturers, logistics providers, and others producing a finished product. Value Chains
Value chain illumination: Altana's capability that reveals multi-tier value chain paths behind a product, with confidence. Value Chains

W

Wholly obtained: A product produced entirely in a single country from start to finish. Country of Origin
Withhold Release Order (WRO): A customs-authority order to detain goods suspected of being produced with forced labor. Exposure Lists
Workspace: The workflow surface that reads products from the catalog and applies lenses for a task. Products & the Catalog